Motivating Factors for Women Entrepreneurship in Himachal Pradesh: An Empirical Analysis of Pull and Push Forces

Volume 11, Issue 2, 2026

International Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, ISSN 2456-3684

Paper Title

Author Name and Affiliation

Dr. Sanjeet Sharma, Assistant Professor, UCBS, HPU Shimla

Abstract

The present research study investigates the determinants of female entrepreneurs engaging in entrepreneurial undertakings in Himachal Pradesh, India. Primary data has been collected from 400 women entrepreneurs using a standardized survey questionnaire. Data has been analysed using descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and one-sample t-test. Eight pull factors, comprising desires for autonomy, familial assistance, governmental programs, tourism prospects, education, and digital mediums has been indentified using EFA and these account for 63.25% of the overall variance. Further, as far as push factors are concerned with the help of EFA seven push factors have been determined. These push factors include limited employment possibilities, financial requirement, insufficient household earnings, flexibility, and job contentment, and account for large amount of the variance. The results of one sample t test indicated that all identified determinants are statistically significant at one percent level of significance. Further, on the basis of comparative analysis of pull and push factors it has been concluded that pull factors are more impactful than push factors. It makes clear that female entrepreneurs in Himachal Pradesh have been mainly driven by opportunities rather than necessities.

Keywords

Women Entrepreneurship; Pull Factors; Push Factors; Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA); Himachal Pradesh; Entrepreneurial Motivation

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DOI

DOI: 10.67061/ijcams.2026.vol.11.issue.02.4082

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